The folk-song element in poetry, like the singable cantabile melody in galant music, was brought to public notice in Thomas Percy's Reliques of Ancient Poetry (1765) and James Macpherson's " Ossian" inventions during the 1760s. The change was as much at the birth of Romanticism as it was of Classicism. Not every contemporary was delighted with this revolutionary simplification: Johann Samuel Petri, in his Anleitung zur praktischen Musik (1782) spoke of the "great catastrophe in music". Many galant composers spent their careers in less central cities, ones that may be considered consumers rather than producers of the style galant: Johann Christian Bach and Carl Friedrich Abel in London, Baldassare Galuppi in Venice and Georg Philipp Telemann in Hamburg. The new music was not as essentially a court music as it was a city music: the cities emphasized by Daniel Heartz, a recent historian of the style, were first of all Naples, then Venice, Dresden, Berlin, Stuttgart and Mannheim, and Paris. All were composing Italian opera seria, a voice-driven musical style, and opera remained the central form of galant music. He recognized a lighter, modern style, einem galanten Stylo and named among its leading practitioners Giovanni Bononcini, Antonio Caldara, Georg Philipp Telemann, Alessandro Scarlatti, Antonio Vivaldi and George Frideric Handel. Mattheson was apparently the first to refer to a "galant style" in music, in his Das forschende Orchestre of 1721. (Instead of the Gothic type rendered here in italics, Mattheson used Roman to emphasize the many non-German expressions. It features in the title of his first publication of 1713, Das neu-eröffnete Orchestre, oder Universelle und gründliche Anleitung wie ein Galant Homme einen vollkommenen Begriff von der Hoheit und Würde der edlen Music erlangen. The German theorist Johann Mattheson appears to have been fond of the term. In the early 18th century, a galant homme described a person of fashion, who was elegant, cultured and virtuous. The word "galant" derives from French, where it was in use from at least the 16th century. This musical style was part of the wider galant movement in art at the time.Īndré Campra, L'Europe galante 2nd edition (1698) Ouverture The German empfindsamer Stil, which seeks to express personal emotions and sensitivity, can be seen either as a closely related North-German dialect of the international galant style, or asĬontrasted with it, as between the music of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, a founder of both styles, and that of Johann Christian Bach, who carried the galant style further and was closer to classical. Bach and Daniel Gottlob Türk, who were among the most significant theorists of the late 18th century, contrasted the galant with the "learned" or "strict" styles. This meant simpler, more song-like melodies, decreased use of polyphony, short, periodic phrases, a reduced harmonic vocabulary emphasizing tonic and dominant, and a clear distinction between soloist and accompaniment. This movement featured a return to simplicity and immediacy of appeal after the complexity of the late Baroque era. The syrinx was a nymph that was chased by Pan, the nymph did not want to be caught by pan and so prayed to the river gods to be transformed into reeds! There are many different interpretations of this wonderful piece of music ranging from 3 minute versions to much longer and slower versions! It is truly a wonderful piece of music.In music, galant refers to the style which was fashionable from the 1720s to the 1770s. This piece is inspired by greek mythology. This is one of the most famous solo flute pieces ever written! Debussy wrote this piece in 1913 and it was the first significant piece for solo flute after C.P.E Bach’s Sonata in A minor written over 150 years earlier. The first piece we will look at is Debussy’s Syrinx. Where to explore the sheet music for these pieces?.
Debussy: Prélude à l’après-midi d’un faune.
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